Converts Cohen's d robust effect size index (S) using the formula from Vandekar, Tao, & Blume (2020).
Details
The pi parameter comes from the fact that Cohen's d doesn't account for unequal sample proportions in the population, but S does.
The default is set to a natural value 1/2, which corresponds to a case control design, for example, where sampling proportions always are controlled by the experimenter.
The formula to convert Cohen's d to S is:
\(S = d/\sqrt( 1/\pi + 1/ (1 - \pi))\)